Uwar garken tana kunshe da tsarin ƙasa da yawa, kowanne yana taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen tantance aikin uwar garken. Wasu ƙananan tsarin suna da mahimmanci don aiki dangane da aikace-aikacen da ake amfani da uwar garken don.
Waɗannan ƙananan tsarin sabar sun haɗa da:
1. Processor da Cache
Mai sarrafawa shine zuciyar uwar garken, alhakin sarrafa kusan duk ma'amaloli. Tsarin tsarin ƙasa ne mai mahimmanci, kuma akwai kuskuren gama gari cewa na'urori masu sauri koyaushe suna da kyau don kawar da ƙwanƙolin aiki.
Daga cikin manyan abubuwan da aka shigar a cikin sabobin, na'urori masu sarrafawa galibi suna da ƙarfi fiye da sauran tsarin ƙasa. Koyaya, ƴan ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙa'idodi ne kawai za su iya yin amfani da fa'idodin na'urori na zamani kamar P4 ko 64-bit processor.
Misali, misalan uwar garken na yau da kullun kamar sabar fayil ba sa dogara sosai akan aikin sarrafawa tunda yawancin zirga-zirgar fayil ɗin suna amfani da fasaha ta Direct Memory Access (DMA) don ketare na'ura mai sarrafawa, ya danganta da hanyar sadarwa, ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya, da na'urorin faifai don fitarwa.
A yau, Intel yana ba da nau'ikan na'urori masu sarrafawa da aka keɓance don sabobin X-jerin. Fahimtar bambance-bambance da fa'idodi tsakanin na'urori daban-daban yana da mahimmanci.
Cache, wanda aka yi la'akari da shi sosai na ɓangaren tsarin ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya, an haɗa shi ta jiki tare da mai sarrafawa. CPU da cache suna aiki tare, tare da cache da ke aiki da kusan rabin gudun na'ura ko makamancin haka.
2. PCI Bus
Bus ɗin PCI shine bututun shigarwa da bayanan fitarwa a cikin sabobin. Duk sabobin X-jerin suna amfani da bas ɗin PCI (ciki har da PCI-X da PCI-E) don haɗa mahimman adaftar kamar SCSI da hard disks. Babban sabobin yawanci suna da bas ɗin PCI da yawa da ƙarin ramummuka na PCI idan aka kwatanta da samfuran baya.
Manyan bas ɗin PCI sun haɗa da fasaha kamar PCI-X 2.0 da PCI-E, waɗanda ke ba da mafi girman kayan aikin bayanai da damar haɗin kai. Chip ɗin PCI yana haɗa CPU da cache zuwa bas ɗin PCI. Wannan saitin abubuwan da aka gyara suna sarrafa haɗin kai tsakanin bas ɗin PCI, processor, da tsarin ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya don haɓaka aikin tsarin gaba ɗaya.
3. Ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya
Ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya tana taka muhimmiyar rawa a aikin uwar garken. Idan uwar garken ba ta da isasshiyar ma’adana, aikinta ya lalace, saboda tsarin aiki yana buqatar adana ƙarin bayanai a cikin ma’adanar bayanai, amma sarari bai isa ba, wanda hakan ke haifar da tabarbarewar bayanai a kan rumbun kwamfutarka.
Ɗayan sanannen alama a cikin gine-ginen uwar garken jerin X na sana'a shine madubi na ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya, wanda ke inganta sakewa da rashin haƙuri. Wannan fasahar ƙwaƙwalwar ajiyar IBM tana kusan daidai da RAID-1 don faifai masu wuya, inda aka raba ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya zuwa ƙungiyoyi masu kamanni. Ayyukan madubi na tushen kayan aiki ne, baya buƙatar ƙarin tallafi daga tsarin aiki.
4. Hard Disk
Daga hangen nesa na mai gudanarwa, tsarin tsarin faifan diski shine maɓalli mai kayyade aikin uwar garken. A cikin tsarin tsarin na'urorin ma'aji na kan layi (cache, memory, hard disk), babban faifan diski shine mafi hankali amma yana da ƙarfi mafi girma. Don aikace-aikacen uwar garken da yawa, kusan duk bayanai ana adana su a kan rumbun kwamfutarka, yana mai da tsarin tsarin faifai mai sauri mai mahimmanci.
Ana yawan amfani da RAID don ƙara sararin ajiya a cikin sabobin. Koyaya, tsararrun RAID suna tasiri sosai akan aikin uwar garken. Zaɓin matakan RAID daban-daban don ayyana faifai masu ma'ana daban-daban suna shafar aiki, kuma sararin ajiya da bayanan daidaito sun bambanta. Katunan tsararru na ServeRAID na IBM da katunan Tashoshin Fiber na IBM suna ba da zaɓuɓɓuka don aiwatar da matakan RAID daban-daban, kowanne tare da tsarin sa na musamman.
Wani abu mai mahimmanci a cikin aiki shine adadin rumbun kwamfyuta a cikin tsararrun tsararru: yawan faifai, mafi kyawun kayan aiki. Fahimtar yadda RAID ke sarrafa buƙatun I/O yana taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen haɓaka aiki.
Sabbin fasahar serial, irin su SATA da SAS, yanzu ana amfani da su don haɓaka aiki da aminci.
5. Network
Adaftar hanyar sadarwa ita ce hanyar sadarwa wacce uwar garken ke sadarwa tare da duniyar waje. Idan bayanai za su iya cimma kyakkyawan aiki ta wannan keɓancewa, ƙaƙƙarfan tsarin cibiyar sadarwa na iya tasiri sosai ga aikin uwar garken gabaɗaya.
Tsarin hanyar sadarwa yana da mahimmanci daidai da ƙirar uwar garken. Canja-canje da ke rarraba sassan cibiyar sadarwa daban-daban ko aikace-aikacen fasaha kamar ATM sun cancanci a yi la'akari da su.
Yanzu ana amfani da katunan cibiyar sadarwar Gigabit a cikin sabobin don samar da babban abin da ake buƙata. Koyaya, sabbin fasahohi kamar TCP Offload Engine (TOE) don cimma ƙimar 10G suma suna kan gaba.
6. Katin Zane
Tsarin nuni a cikin sabobin ba shi da mahimmanci kamar yadda ake amfani da shi kawai lokacin da masu gudanarwa ke buƙatar sarrafa sabar. Abokan ciniki ba sa amfani da katin zane, don haka aikin uwar garken ba kasafai ke jaddada wannan tsarin ba.
7. Operating System
Muna la'akari da tsarin aiki a matsayin mai yuwuwar cikas, kamar sauran na'urori masu ƙarfi na diski. A cikin tsarin aiki kamar Windows, Linux, ESX Server, da NetWare, akwai saitunan da za a iya canza su don inganta aikin uwar garken.
Tsarin ƙayyadaddun tsarin aiki ya dogara da aikace-aikacen uwar garken. Ana iya samun ganowa da kawar da ƙullun ta hanyar tattarawa da kuma nazarin bayanan aiki. Koyaya, ba za a iya kammala wannan aikin a lokaci ɗaya ba, saboda ƙulla-ƙulla na iya bambanta da canje-canje a cikin aikin uwar garken, mai yiwuwa a kowace rana ko mako-mako.
Lokacin aikawa: Yuli-20-2023
